Nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura dzinovimba zvakanyanya nekuyera kuyerera kwakarurama kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mashandiro anoshanda zvakanaka, kutevedzera mitemo, uye kushandiswa kwakakodzera kwezviwanikwa. Pakati pematekinoroji akasiyana-siyana ekuyera kuyerera aripo, ma electromagnetic flow metres (EM metres) anozivikanwa nekukodzera kwawo mukushandiswa kwemvura—nekuda kwekugona kwawo kubata mvura inoyerera, kudonha kwemhepo kwakaderera, uye zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekugadzirisa. Zvisinei, kusarudza EM mita yakakodzera yekurapa mvura kunoda kunyatsofungisisa nezvehunyanzvi, mamiriro ekushanda, uye zvinodiwa zvekutevedzera mitemo. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinhu zvakakosha kuti sarudzo iite nyore.
1. Nzwisisa Zvinodiwa Zvikuru zveKushandiswa Kwekuchenesa Mvura
Usati waongorora mamodheru eEM meter, zvakakosha kuti utsanangure zvinodiwa zvemushandisi. Maitiro ekurapa mvura—kubva pakunwa mvura isina kubikwa uye kuomesesa kusvika pakuuraya utachiona uye kuburitsa mvura yakasviba—anosiyana zvakanyanya muhunhu hwemvura uye zvinodiwa pakushanda kwayo. Tanga nekunyora:
- Hunhu hwemvura: Kufambiswa kwemvura hakugoneke kutaurwa nezvako pamamita eEM (anoda mvura ine kufambiswa kwemvura ≥5 μS/cm, iyo inosanganisirwa nyore nyore nemarudzi mazhinji emvura, kusanganisira mvura yepombi, mvura yakasviba, nemvura ine makemikari). Zvisinei, cherechedza kana mvura yacho iine zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa (semuenzaniso, tsvina mukurapa kwechipiri) kana zvimwe zvinokuvadza (semuenzaniso, chlorine, alum), sezvo izvi zvichizokanganisa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu.
- Rudzi rwemvura: Sarudza mwero wemvura inoyerera mudiki uye mukuru unofanirwa kuyera mita. EM metres ine chiyero chemvura inoyerera (mvura inoyerera zvakanyanya kusvika kumvura inoyerera zvishoma) inowanzo bva pa10:1 kusvika 100:1; sarudza chiyero chinogamuchira kushanduka-shanduka (semuenzaniso, mvura inoyerera zvakanyanya panguva yemvura inonaya yekuchenesa mvura yakasviba).
- Zvinodiwa pakururamisa: Mitemo yemutemo (semuenzaniso, nhungamiro dzeEPA dziri muUS kana EU Water Framework Directive) inowanzo raira mazinga chaiwo ekururamisa - kazhinji ± 0.5% kusvika ± 1% yehuwandu hwakazara hwekudzora maitiro, uye kushivirira kwakasimba (± 0.2%) pakubika kana kuburitsa zvinyorwa.
2. Isa kukosha kwekuenderana kwezvinhu kuti zvigare kwenguva refu
Zvikamu zvakanyoroveswa zve EM meter (mukati mechubhu yekuyera nema electrodes) zvinosangana zvakananga nemvura iri kugadziriswa. Kushandisa zvinhu zvisingaenderane kunogona kukonzera ngura, kusvibiswa, kana kutokundikana kwe meter.
- Kuyera chubhu yekuisa: Pamvura yepombi yakajairwa kana mvura isina tsvina inoparadza, rabha yekuisa (semuenzaniso, EPDM, neoprene) inodhura zvishoma uye inogara kwenguva refu. Pamvura inodziya (semuenzaniso, mvura ine acidic kana mvura ine chlorine yakawanda), sarudzai michina inodzivirira makemikari yakaita sePTFE (Teflon) kana FKM (Viton). Pakushandisa zvinhu zvine abrasive solids (semuenzaniso, sludge), sarudzai michina yakasimbiswa (semuenzaniso, polyurethane) kudzivirira kusakara.
- Maelectrode: Maelectrode esimbi isina ngura (316L) anoshanda zvakanaka pakushandisa mvura isingakanganisi. Pamvura inoparadza (semuenzaniso, mvura yemunyu kana mvura ine simbi dzinorema), sarudza maelectrode eHastelloy C kana titanium. Pakushandisa kunowanzo svibisa (semuenzaniso, mvura isina kucheneswa), funga nezvemaelectrode ane zvinhu zvekuchenesa zvakavakirwa mukati (semuenzaniso, kupukuta kwe ultrasonic kana kwemuchina) kuti uchengetedze kururama.
3. Sarudza Rudzi Rwakakodzera rweKuisa uye Saizi
Mamita eEM anowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzekuisa, uye kusarudza chaiyo kunoita kuti pave nekushanda kwakavimbika uye nyore kugadzirisa:
- Kuisa mumutsara: Rudzi rwakajairika rwekuchenesa mvura, uko mita inoiswa zvakananga mupaipi. Iva nechokwadi chekuti dhayamita yepombi inoenderana nehukuru hwemita (semuenzaniso, mita 2-inch yepombi 2-inch) kudzivirira kukanganisa kuyerera kwemvura. Zvakare, tevera nhungamiro dzemugadziri dzehurefu hwepombi dzakatwasuka dzekumusoro/dzekudzika (kazhinji dhayamita 5× yepombi kumusoro uye dhayamita 3× yekudzika) kuderedza kutenderera kubva kumagokora kana mavharuvhu.
- Kuisa mhando yekuisa: Yakakodzera mapaipi makuru (≥8 inches) uko mamita ari mumutsara asingashande. Mamita ekuisa anoiswa kuburikidza nepombi iri mumadziro epaipi, zvichideredza mari yekuisa uye nguva yekushanda. Zvisinei, anoda kuiswa pakati chaipo kuti ave nechokwadi chekuyera kwakarurama, saka sarudza mamodheru ane hurefu hunogadziriswa hwekuisa.
Saizi yepombi chimwe chinhu chakakosha: mamita asina kukura anogona kukonzera kudzikira kwakanyanya kwesimba remagetsi, nepo mamita akawandisa anogona kutadza kuyera mwero wemvura yakaderera nemazvo. Gara uchienzanisa saizi yemita nehukuru hwepombi, kana kubvunza mugadziri kuti akupe mazano kana huwandu hwemvura iri kunze kwehukuru hwakajairwa.
4. Ongorora Zvinobuda uye Zvinhu Zvekutaurirana
Nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura dzinowanzo batanidza maflow meter neSCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems kana PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) kuti dzikwanise kutarisa uye kudzora mashandiro panguva chaiyo. Saka, kugona kwemuchina wemagetsi nekutaurirana kwakakosha:
- Kubuda kweanalog: Chiratidzo che4-20 mA ndicho chinowanzo shandiswa pakutumira flow rate kuenda kune vanodzora. Iva nechokwadi chekuti output yabviswa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwemagetsi kubva kune mimwe michina.
- Kuburitswa kwedhijitari: Pakunyora data kana kutarisa kure, sarudza mamita ane RS485 (Modbus RTU) kana Ethernet (Profinet, Ethernet/IP) kutaurirana. Maprotocol aya anobvumira mamita akawanda kubatana kune system yepakati, zvichiita kuti manejimendi yedata ive nyore.
- Zvimwe zvinhu: Tsvaga mamita ane zviratidziro zvemunharaunda (LCD kana LED) zvekuverenga panzvimbo, uye mabasa ekunyevera (semuenzaniso, nyevero dzemvura zhinji/dzishoma, nyevero dzema "electrode fouling") kuti zvigone kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
5. Funga nezveKutevedzera Mutemo uye Chitupa
Kushanda kwekuchenesa mvura kunoenderana nemitemo yakasimba, saka mita yeEM yakasarudzwa inofanira kusangana nezvitupa zvakakodzera:
- Zvitupa Zvekunyatsorurama: Mamita anofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yepasi rose yakaita seISO 4064 (yemamita emvura) kana IEC 60044-1 (yemamita emagetsi) kuitira kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti kuverenga kwawo kwakakodzera pamutemo.
- Zvitupa zvekuchengetedza uye zvakatipoteredza: Kune nzvimbo dzine njodzi (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba dzine magasi anoputika), sarudzai mamita ane zvitupa zveATEX kana IECEx. Pakushandisa mvura inonwiwa, iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa neNSF/ANSI 61 (US) kana WRAS (UK) zvekuchengetedza mvura yekunwa.
6. Kuyera Mutengo Wese Wekuva Muridzi (TCO)
Kunyange zvazvo mutengo wekutanga uchikosha, TCO—kusanganisira kuisa, kugadzirisa, uye hupenyu hwese—inopa mufananidzo wakarurama weukoshi. EM metres inowanzova nezvinodiwa zvishoma zvekugadzirisa (hapana zvikamu zvinofamba zvekusakara), asi funga nezve:
- Mari yekuisa: Mamita ari mumutsetse angada kuchekwa kwepombi uye nguva yekushanda, nepo mamita ekuisa achikurumidza kuiswa.
- Zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa: Vagadziri vazhinji vanokurudzira kugadzirisa kwegore negore, asi mamwe mamodheru ane maficha ekugadzirisa ega ega kuti aderedze mitengo.
- Nguva Yehupenyu: Mamita eEM emhando yepamusoro ane zvinhu zvinoenderana nawo anogona kugara kwemakore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu, zvichiita kuti ave mari yenguva refu.
Mhedziso
Kusarudza mita yekuyerera kwemagetsi yakakodzera yekurapa mvura kunoda kuenzana kwehunyanzvi, zvinodiwa pakushanda, uye kutevedzera mitemo. Nekutsanangura zvinodiwa zvikuru, kuisa pamberi kuenderana kwezvinhu, kusarudza mhando chaiyo yekuisa, kuongorora maficha ekutaurirana, uye kufunga nezveTCO, nzvimbo dzekurapa mvura dzinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti dzinoisa mari mumita inopa mashandiro akarurama uye akavimbika kwemakore anotevera. Nemita yeEM yakakodzera, nzvimbo hadzingogone kuzadzisa mitemo chete asiwo kugadzirisa mashandiro emabasa uye kuderedza mari yekushanda—zvinangwa zvakakosha munyika yanhasi ine mvura shoma.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-11-2025