Mumvura yemazuva anonzvimbo yekuyera, mamita emvura emagetsi uye mamita emvura e ultrasonic anoonekwa sematekinoroji maviri akapararira uye epamusoro. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rune hunhu hwarwo hwakasiyana, hunobva mumitemo yarwo yakasiyana yekushanda. Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kwakakosha kune makambani emvura, vashandisi vemaindasitiri, nevamwe vane chekuita neizvi kuti vasarudze zvine ruzivo pavanenge vachisarudza mhinduro yakakodzera yekuyera mvura yekushandiswa kwavo.
1. Nheyo dzeMashandiro
Mamita emvura emagetsi anoshanda zvichibva pamutemo waFaraday wekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Kana mvura inoyerera, senge mvura, ichipfuura nemumunda wemagineti wakagadzirwa mukati memita, simba remagetsi (EMF) rinokonzereswa. EMF iyi inokonzerwa inoenderana nekumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura. Meta iyi inoyera EMF iyi ichishandisa maelectrodes akaiswa kumativi akasiyana echubhu yekuyerera. Nekuyera simba revoltage inokonzerwa, kumhanya kwemvura kunogona kuonekwa. Sezvo nzvimbo yechubhu yekuyerera ichizivikanwa, huwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura hunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura
Q=v×A, apo Q iri mwero wekuyerera, v iri kumhanya, uye A iri nzvimbo inoyambuka.
1.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic, kune rumwe rutivi, anoshandisa musimboti wenguva yekubhururuka kwemafungu eUltrasonic mumvura. Anoyera musiyano wenguva pakati pekupararira kwezviratidzo zveUltrasonic kumusoro nepasi kuburikidza nemvura inoyerera. Kana mafungu eUltrasonic apinda mumvura, kumhanya kwawo kwekupararira kunokanganiswa nekumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura. Kana mafungu akatumirwa munzira yekuyerera (pasi), achafamba nekukurumidza, uye kana akatumirwa achipesana nekuyerera (kumusoro), achafamba zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekuyera musiyano wenguva iyi nemazvo, kumhanya kwemvura kunogona kuverengerwa. Kufanana nemamita emvura eelectromagnetic, kana kumhanya kwazivikanwa, chiyero chekuyerera kwevolumetric chinogona kutsanangurwa nekuwedzera kumhanya nenzvimbo yepakati pepombi kana chiteshi uko mvura iri kuyerera.
2. Hunhu hweKushanda
2.1 Kururama
2.1.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi anozivikanwa nekunyatsorongeka kwawo, kunyanya munzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira. Anogona kusvika padanho rekunyatsorongeka rinosvika 0.5% kana kutopfuura mumamiriro akanaka. Kunyatsorongeka uku kunokonzerwa nepfungwa yekudzikama uye inonzwisiswa zvakanaka yemagetsi. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi (rinogona kukanganiswa nemasosi ekunze emagetsi), kusvibiswa kwemagetsi, kana kuiswa zvisina kunaka zvinogona kukanganisa kunyatsorongeka kwawo. Semuenzaniso, kana maerekitironi akaputirwa nedhipoziti nekufamba kwenguva, EMF yakayerwa inogona kukanganiswa, zvichikonzera kuverenga kwehuwandu hwekuyerera kusina kururama.
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anopawo kururama kwakanaka, kazhinji ari pakati pe1% kusvika 2% pakushandiswa kwakajairika. Kururama kwawo kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakaita sekuvapo kwemabubble emhepo, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa, kana shanduko muhunhu hwemvura. Mabubble emhepo, semuenzaniso, anogona kuparadzira mafungu eUltrasonic, zvichikonzera kuyerwa kwenguva isiriyo kwekubhururuka. Mukushandiswa nemvura yakachena uye mamiriro ekuyerera akagadzikana, mamita emvura eUltrasonic anogona kupa kuverenga kwakavimbika uye kwakarurama. Mune mamwe mamodheru epamusoro, matekiniki akadai se multi-path ultrasonic sensing anoshandiswa kuvandudza kururama nekuenzanisa zviyero kubva munzira dzakawanda dzeUltrasonic mukati mekuyerera kwemvura.
2.2 Rudzi rweKuyerera
2.2.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi anowanzova nehukuru hwakakura hwekuyerera, ane hunhu hwekufamba-famba (chiyero chehuwandu hwepamusoro kusvika pahuwandu hunogona kuyerwa) che100:1 kana kupfuura. Akakodzera kuyera mashandisirwo emaindasitiri anoyerera zvakanyanya, senge mumafekitori makuru ekuchenesa mvura kana masisitimu ekutonhodza maindasitiri, uye mashandisirwo epakati nepakati ekugara uye ekutengeserana. Zvisinei, mashandiro awo pahuwandu hwekuyerera kwakaderera anogona kuganhurirwa. Pakukurumidza kwakaderera zvakanyanya, EMF inokonzerwa inogona kunge isina kusimba zvekusagona kuyerwa nemazvo, zvichikonzera kusarongeka kunogona kuitika muchikamu chezasi chehuwandu hwekuyerera.
2.2.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anozivikanwa nekugona kwawo kuyera kuyerera kwemvura kwakaderera. Anowanzoona mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakaderera kusvika ku0.01 m/s kana kudzika, zvichiita kuti akwanise kushandiswa panofanirwa kuyerwa nemazvo kana mvura yadonhedzwa zvishoma kana kuti mvura yadonhedzwa zvishoma, senge pakuyera mvura yemumba kuti ione kudonhedzwa kwemvura. Kugona kwawo kutenderera kunogona kunge kwakakwira, nemamwe mamodheru achisvika pachiyero che400:1 kana kupfuura. Kuyerera kwemvura uku kwakafara kunoabvumira kubata mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kubva pakushandiswa kwemvura yemumba diki kusvika kumaindasitiri makuru uye masisitimu ekugovera mvura emumaguta.
2.3 Kurasikirwa neDzvinyiriro
Mamita emvura emagetsi anowanzova nekurasikirwa kwesimba kwakaderera. Dhizaini yechubhu yekuyerera mumamita emagetsi inowanzova yakatwasuka uye isina dziviriro, izvo zvinoderedza kuramba kwemvura. Izvi zvinobatsira mukushandiswa uko kuchengetedza mvura ine simba rakawanda kwakakosha, senge mumaindasitiri makuru kana muma network ekugovera mvura munzvimbo refu. Kurasikirwa kwesimba rakaderera kunobatsira kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba remapombi nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakufambisa mvura, sezvo simba shoma richidikanwa kuti rikunde kuramba kwesimba mumita.
2.3.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anowanzo ratidzawo kurasikirwa nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Maitiro ekuyera mumamita eUltrasonic haabatanidzi chero chipingamupinyi chemuviri mukati menzira yekuyerera, sezvo masensa eUltrasonic anowanzo iswa kunze kwepombi kana nzira yekuyerera. Iyi nzira yekuyera isingapindiri inoita kuti kuyerera kwemvura kusakanganiswa zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kudzikira kudiki kwedzvinyiriro pamita. Kufanana nemamita emagetsi, hunhu uhwu hunoita kuti mamamita emvura eUltrasonic akwanise kushandiswa uko kuchengetedza kumanikidzwa kwakakosha.
2.4 Nguva Yekupindura
2.4.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi ane nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza. Kana paine shanduko mukumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura, EMF inokonzerwa inochinja nekukurumidza, uye mita inogona kuona nekukurumidza uye kunyoresa shanduko iyi. Nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza iyi inoita kuti ive yakakodzera kushandiswa uko kunofanirwa kuongororwa panguva chaiyo yekuchinja kwekuyerera kwemvura, senge mumaindasitiri uko shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika mukudiwa kwemvura dzinofanira kuonekwa nekutarisirwa nekukurumidza.
2.4.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anopawo nguva yekupindura nekukurumidza. Kuyerwa kwenguva yekubhururuka kwemafungu eUltrasonic inzira inokurumidza, uye chero shanduko mukumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura dzinoonekwa nekukurumidza mukusiyana kwenguva yakayerwa. Izvi zvinobvumira kuona nekukurumidza kusiyana kwehuwandu hwekuyerera, izvo zvinobatsira mukushandiswa kwakadai sekutarisa network yekugovera mvura, uko shanduko dzinongoerekana dzaitika mumashandisirwo emvura dzinogona kuonekwa nekukurumidza.
3. Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvezvakatipoteredza uye Kuisa
3.1 Zvinodiwa pakuisa
3.1.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi anoda huwandu hwakati hwehurefu hwepombi dzakatwasuka kumusoro nekuzasi kwenzvimbo yekuisa mita. Izvi zvinoitirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwemvura kwakagadzirwa zvakakwana uye kwakaenzana isati yapinda mumita, izvo zvakakosha pakuyera kwakarurama. Kazhinji, kureba kwepombi dzakatwasuka kumusoro kwe5 kusvika ku10 kakapetwa dhayamita yepombi uye kureba kwepombi dzakatwasuka pasi kwe2 kusvika ku5 kakapetwa dhayamita yepombi zvinokurudzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mamita emvura emagetsi anofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo isina kukanganiswa kwakasimba kwekunze kwemagnetic, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukanganisa simba remagineti mukati memita uye kukanganisa kururama kwekuyera.
3.1.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anochinjika zvakanyanya maererano nezvinodiwa pakuiswa. Anowanzoda kureba kwepombi kushoma kana tichienzanisa nemamita emagetsi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kureba kwepombi yakatwasuka inokwira kumusoro ine dhayamita yepombi katatu kana kutomboderera kunogona kukwana. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa mumapombi aripo uko nzvimbo yekumhanya kwepombi yakatwasuka inogona kunge isina nzvimbo. Zvisinei, mamita emvura eUltrasonic anofanira kuiswa munzvimbo ine madziro epombi akatsetseka uye asina ngura kana kukura kwechiyero, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kutapurirana uye kugamuchira mafungu eUltrasonic.
3.2 Kusabatwa Nezvakatipoteredza
3.2.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi anonzwisisa mafambiro emagetsi emvura. Akagadzirwa kuti aenzane nekuyerera kwemvura inoyerera, uye kana mvura ine mafambiro emagetsi mashoma (semumvura yakacheneswa zvakanyanya), EMF inokonzerwa inogona kunge isina simba rekuyera nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvambotaurwa, masimba emagineti ekunze anogona kukanganisa mashandiro emamita emvura emagetsi. Munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzine mota dzemagetsi hombe, matransformer, kana mamwe masosi emasimba emagineti akasimba, kudzivirira kwakakosha kana kuisa mita zvakanaka kunogona kudiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuyera kwakarurama.
3.2.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anonzwa kana paine mabubble emhepo, zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa, uye shanduko muhunhu hweacoustic hwemvura. Mabubble emhepo anogona kuparadzira mafungu eUltrasonic, zvichikonzera kuyerwa kwenguva isina kururama kwekubhururuka. Zvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa, kunyanya kana zvakakura kana zvakanyanya, zvinogonawo kukanganisa kupararira kwemafungu eUltrasonic. Uyezve, shanduko mukupisa, munyu, kana viscosity yemvura inogona kuchinja hunhu hwayo hweacoustic, izvo zvingada kugadziriswa kwe calibration mune dzimwe nguva kuti kuyera kwakarurama kurambe kuripo.
4. Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvemutengo
4.1 Mutengo wekutanga
Mamita emvura emagetsi anowanzo kuve nemutengo wakakwira wekutanga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemaitiro akaoma ekugadzira anoshandiswa mukugadzira simba remagineti - zvikamu zvinogadzira magineti, maerekitironi akagadzirwa nemazvo, uye magetsi akakosha anodiwa pakuyera EMF induced. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukuvaka kwawo, kunyanya izvo zvemagineti circuit uye flow tube lining (kuona kuti magetsi anodzivirira), zvinobatsirawo pamutengo wakakwira.
4.1.2 Mamita emvura eUltrasonic
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anowanzo kuve nemutengo wakakwira wekutanga, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva uchigona kunge wakaderera zvishoma pane wemamita emagetsi, zvichienderana nemodhi chaiyo nemugadziri. Mutengo wacho unonyanya kukonzerwa nematransducer emhando yepamusoro eultrasonic, maelectronic ekugadzirisa masaini epamusoro, uye kudiwa kwekugadziriswa kwakanyatsojeka panguva yekugadzira. Zvisinei, sezvo tekinoroji ichikura uye hupfumi hwenzvimbo huchitanga kushanda, mutengo wemamita emvura eUltrasonic wave uchidzikira zvishoma nezvishoma.
4.2 Mari Yekugadzirisa
4.2.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mari yekuchengetedza ma electromagnetic water metres iri pakati nepakati. Mabasa makuru ekugadzirisa anosanganisira kuongorora nguva nenguva uye kuchenesa ma electrodes kudzivirira kusvibiswa, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kururama kwekuyera. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kana zvikamu zvinogadzira magnetic field zvikaratidza zviratidzo zvekusakara kana kana paine matambudziko nemagetsi, kugadzirisa kwakadzika kana kutsiviwa kwezvikamu kunogona kudiwa. Zvisinei, sezvo pasina zvikamu zvinofamba muchikamu chekuyera, zvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa zvese hazvisi zvinorema zvakanyanya.
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anowanzo kuve nemutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa. Sezvo pasina zvikamu zvinofamba uye matransducer eUltrasonic anowanzo gara kwenguva refu, basa guru rekugadzirisa nderekutarisa nguva nenguva kana paine zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa kwematransducer kana ma electronics ekugadzirisa masaini. Mukushandiswa kwemvura uko mvura ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvakamiswa kana uko kune njodzi yekusvibiswa kwetransducer, kucheneswa kwenzvimbo dzetransducer dzimwe nguva kungave kuri madikanwa. Asi zvakazara, zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando dzemamita emvura, mamita emvura eUltrasonic anoda kugadziriswa kushoma uye kusingadhuri.
5. Mashandisirwo
5.1 Mamita emvura emagetsi
Mamita emvura emagetsi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri uko kuyerwa kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera zvakanyanya kwakakosha. Izvi zvinosanganisira maindasitiri akadai sekugadzira makemikari, kugadzira magetsi (ekuyera mvura inotonhodza), uye kugadzirwa kwechikafu nezvinwiwa. Munzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura netsvina, mamita emvura emagetsi anoshandiswa kuyera kuyerera kwemvura isina kucheneswa, mvura yakarapwa, uye mvura yakasviba. Anoshandiswawo muzvivakwa zvikuru zvemabhizinesi nemafurati kuti pave nekubhadhara kwakarurama kwekushandiswa kwemvura.
Mamita emvura eUltrasonic anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuyerwa kwemvura mudzimba, kunyanya apo chinangwa chiri pakuyera kwakarurama kwehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera zvishoma uye kuona kubuda kwemvura. Anoshandiswawo mumasisitimu ekudiridza ekurima, uko mvura inogona kunge iine tsvina yakaita sejecha nejecha, uye nzira yekuyera isina kupindira ye ultrasound metres inobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko ane chekuita nekuvharika kana kukuvara kwetsvina iyi. Pamusoro pezvo, mamita emvura eUltrasonic akakodzera kushandiswa muma network ekugovera mvura kuti atarise kuyerera kwemvura munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira munzvimbo dzine marongero akaomarara emapaipi uko zvinodiwa zvekuisa ultrasonic metres zviri nani.
Mukupedzisa, ese ari maviri ma "electromagnetic" uye "ultrasonic" emvura ane mabhenefiti akasiyana uye ane nzvimbo dzawo dzekushandisa. Sarudzo pakati pezviviri izvi inoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sezvinodiwa zvekushandisa, hunhu hwemvura iri kuyerwa, nzvimbo yekuisa, uye kufunga nezvemitengo nerubatsiro. Nekunyatsoongorora misiyano iyi, vashandisi vanogona kusarudza tekinoroji yakakodzera yekuyera mvura kuti isangane nezvinodiwa zvavo kuti mvura ive yakarurama, yakavimbika, uye inoshanda.kuyerwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-05-2025