Mumaindasitiri umo kuyerwa kwemvura kwakanyatsokosha pakuchengetedza, mhando, uye kushanda zvakanaka—kunyanya pakushandisa mvura inoyerera—kusarudza chiyereso chakakodzera chemvura kunogona kuita kuti basa ribudirire kana kukanganisa kubudirira kwayo. Mvura inoyerera, kubva mumasipureti mukugadzirwa kwechikafu kusvika kune zvinonyungudutsa mukugadzira mishonga nemafuta asina kucheneswa muzvifekitori zvemafuta, inoda mhinduro yekuyera yakarurama, isingapindi, uye inoenderana nehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana. Mamita ekuyerera kwemagetsi (anowanzonzi "magmeters") anoonekwa seakakodzera zvakakwana: tekinoroji yavo yakagadzirirwa mvura inoyerera, uye dhizaini yavo inotarisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvechikamu chezvekudya, zvemishonga, uye zvemafuta.
Panyaya yekukodzera kwemagetsi ekuyerera kwemagetsi ekufambisa mvura ndiko Mutemo waFaraday weElectromagnetic Induction. Kusiyana nemamechanical flow metres anovimba nezvikamu zvinofamba (zvinogona kuvhara, kupera simba, kana kusvibisa maconductor fluids), magmeter anoshandisa nzira isingapindi: pombi ine chinhu chinodzivirira, chakakomberedzwa nemacoil eelectromagnetic. Kana conductive fluid ikapfuura nemupombi, inocheka nepakati pesimba remagineti rinogadzirwa nemacoil, zvichigadzira voltage diki yemagetsi. Hukuru hwevoltage iyi hunoenderana zvakananga nekumhanya kwemvura - zvichibvumira mita kuverenga flow rate nekunyatsojeka (kazhinji ±0.5% yekuverenga, uye kunyange ±0.1% yemamodheru akanyatsojeka). Dhizaini iyi inobvisa kusangana pakati pezvikamu zvekunzwa kwemita nemvura, mukana mukuru weconductive fluids dzinogona kunge dzichiparadza, dzakasimba, kana kuti dzinosiya zvasara.
Kune indasitiri yechikafu, uko hutsanana nekuchena kwechigadzirwa zvisingakurukurwe, ma electromagnetic flow meter anochinja-chinja. Zvinoyerera zvinofambisa mvura zvakaita semajusi emichero, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, masosi, uye masyrup zvinoda michina inosangana nezvinodiwa neFDA (Food and Drug Administration) kana EU 10/2011 kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Mapete akapfava, asina mapapiro ema magmeter (anowanzo gadzirwa nezvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro sePTFE kana ETFE) anodzivirira kuungana kwemvura uye ari nyore kuchenesa—zvakakosha kudzivirira kukura kwebhakitiriya pakati pekugadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, mufekitori hombe yezvinwiwa, magmeter anoshandiswa kuyera kuyerera kwesyrup inofambisa mvura mumatangi ekusanganisa: kurongeka kwawo kunovimbisa kutapira kwakaringana pakati pemabheti, nepo dhizaini yawo isingapindiri ichibvisa njodzi yezvidimbu zvesimbi (kubva muzvikamu zvemakanika zvakasakara) zvinosvibisa chigadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, magmeter anobata viscosity yakanyanya yemvura senge chokoreti kana huchi pasina kuvhara, dambudziko rinowanzoitika kune magmeter echinyakare anovimba nema impellers.
Chikamu chemishonga chine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya, sezvo mvura dzinofambisa mvura (senge mishonga yemvura, mvura isina tsvina, uye zvinonyungudutsa zvemakemikari) dzinofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekudzora mhando uye kutevedza. Mamita ekuyerera kwemagetsi anobudirira pano nekupa zviyero zvakarurama, zvinodzokororwa—zvakakosha pakuona kuti mishonga ine chiyero chakakodzera chezvinhu zvinoshanda. Dhizaini yavo isingapindiri inotsigirawo kugadzirwa kwemishonga isina tsvina: sezvo pasina zvikamu zvinofamba mukati mepombi, hapana njodzi yekuumbwa kwezvikamu kana kusvibiswa pakati pemabheti. Mugadziri wemishonga anogadzira mishonga inobayiwa jekiseni, semuenzaniso, anoshandisa magmeters kutarisa kuyerera kwemvura inofambisa mvura muzvirongo. Kutumirwa kwedata renguva chaiyo kwemamita kunobvumira fekitori kuteedzera nhanho yega yega yemaitiro, ichiva nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yakaita seFDA neEMA (European Medicines Agency). Uyezve, magmeters haadi zvinhu zvinochenesa zvakanyanya (senge hydrogen peroxide) zvinoshandiswa muzvivakwa zvemishonga, zvichiva nechokwadi chekuti zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Muindasitiri yemafuta, uko mvura dzinofambisa mhepo dzinotangira pamafuta asina kucheneswa nepeturu kusvika kune zvinonyungudutsa zvemaindasitiri nemvura yakasviba, ma electromagnetic flow meter anobata mamwe emabasa akaoma ekuyera. Kuora ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kunetsa pano—mvura zhinji dzemafuta ane kuora zvakanyanya, uye ma mechanical meter ane zvikamu zvesimbi anogona kuora nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kuverenga kusina kururama uye kudonha kunodhura. Ma linings ema Magmeters anodzivirira ngura (akadai serabha kana ceramic) uye zvinhu zvisina kunyorova zvesimbi zvinotsungirira mvura idzi dzakaoma, zvichiwedzera hupenyu hwazvo kusvika makore 10-15 (zvichienzaniswa nemakore 3-5 ema mechanical meter). Pamusoro pezvo, zvirimwa zvemafuta anowanzo shanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye mamiriro ekupisa, uye ma magmeters anowanikwa mumagadzirirwo akaomarara anobata kumanikidzwa kusvika ku1,000 bar uye tembiricha kubva -40°C kusvika 200°C. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekuchenesesa inoshandisa magmeters kuyera kuyerera kwemafuta asina kucheneswa kuburikidza nemapaipi: kururama kwawo kunobatsira kugadzirisa maitiro ekuchenesa, kuderedza marara, uye kuona kutakurwa kwakachengeteka—zvakakosha pakudzivirira kudonha kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusangana nemitemo yekuchengetedza.
Kunyange zvazvo ma electromagnetic flow meter achidhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mamwe ma mechanical alternatives, mabhenefiti avo enguva refu ezvekudya, mishonga, uye petrochemicals anopfuura zvakanyanya mari iyi. Kuderedzwa kwemari yekugadzirisa (hapana zvikamu zvinofamba zvekutsiva), kudzoserwa kwezvigadzirwa zvishoma (nekuda kwekudzivirira kusvibiswa), uye kushanda zvakanaka (kuburikidza nedata rakarurama) zvinotungamira kune kudzoka kwakajairika kwemari inodyarwa mukati memakore 2-3. Kune maindasitiri uko kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvidiki zvekuyera zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa - kubva kuchikafu chakaora kusvika kumishonga isingashande kana njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza - ma magmeter haasi chishandiso chete, asi dziviriro.
Sezvo zvikamu zvekudya, zvemishonga, uye zvemakemikari zvichiramba zvichichinja, nemitemo yakaoma uye kudiwa kuri kukura kwekuchengetedza, mita dzemagetsi dzinoramba dziri chiyero chepamusoro chekuyera mvura inoyerera. Kugona kwavo kusanganisa kururama, hutsanana, uye kugara kwenguva refu kunoita kuti zvive zvakakosha pakuona kuti chigadzirwa chakanaka, kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda, uye kutevedzera nharaunda. Kune chero nzvimbo inoshanda nemvura inoyerera, magmeters anopfuura mhinduro yekuyera - ndiwo anotungamira kubudirira munzvimbo ine makwikwi uye inodzorwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-20-2025