Kune ma electromagnetic flow mita, ndeapi mamiriro ekushanda akakodzera rabha lining, PTFE lining uye PFA lining?

1. Rabha (Yechisikigo/Neoprene/CR)
Zvakanakira: Zvese zvinoshandiswa, ngura shoma kusvika pakati nepakati, mvura inoyerera, uye matope ane kukwesha kudiki.
Tembiricha: Kazhinji -10 °C kusvika +80 °C (rwendo rupfupi kusvika 90 °C).
Kuora: Kunodzivirira mvura yakachena, mvura yakasviba, mvura yegungwa, tsvina, acid/bases dzisina simba (pH 4–10), uye mafuta.
Kukwesha: Pakati nepakati; yakakodzera slurry diki, paper pulp, mine tailings (zvishoma zvakasimba).
Kumanikidzwa: Kusvika kuPN16–PN25 (1.6–2.5 MPa).
Zvipingamupinyi: Hazvina zvemaacid akasimba, mabhesi akasimba, zvinonyungudutsa, kana kupisa kwakanyanya; kuzvimba kwemahydrocarbon.
Maindasitiri: Mvura/mvura yakasviba, maguta, HVAC, maitiro akajairika, migodhi (kucherwa kwakaderera).
2. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene, Teflon®)
Zvakanakira: Zvinopisa zvakanyanya, kupisa kwakanyanya, uye mvura isinganyungudike.
Tembiricha: -40 °C kusvika +130 °C (yakajairwa); -200 °C kusvika +200 °C (nguva yakaganhurirwa, nguva yakaganhurirwa).
Kuora: Kwakanaka kwazvo—kunodzivirira maasidhi akaunganidzwa (HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃), mabhesi akasimba (NaOH, KOH), maoxidizer (NaClO, H₂O₂), uye akawanda ma organic solvents.
Kukwesha: Kusashanda zvakanaka—dzivisa zvinhu zvakasimba, jecha, kana zvidimbu zvakaoma.
Kumanikidzwa: Kusvika kuPN25 (2.5 MPa); kwete kumanikidzwa kwevacuum/negative (njodzi yekudonha).
Zvipingamupinyi: Hazvina kusimba, hazvigoni kukwenywa zvakanyanya, hazvigoni kushivirira vacuum; zvinorwiswa nesimbi dzakanyungudutswa dzealkali, gasi refluorine, ClF₃.
Maindasitiri: Kugadzira makemikari, petrochemical, mishonga, kuputira, mvura yakasviba (inoparadza zvakanyanya).
3. PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy, “Modified PTFE”)
Zvakanakira: Kuchena kwakanyanya, kupisa kwakanyanya, uye zvinoparadza zvakanyanya (kusimudzira pamusoro pePTFE).
Tembiricha: -40 °C kusvika +180 °C (inoenderera mberi); kukwirira kupfupi kusvika 200 °C.
Kuora: Kwakaenzana nePTFE—inodzivirira zvese zvinoshandiswa nePTFE; ion leaching yesimbi yakaderera zvakanyanya (<1 ppb).
Kukwesha: Zviri nani pane PTFE (zvichiri pakati nepakati); yakakodzera zvinhu zvakasimba zvishoma kusvika pakati nepakati.
Kudzvanywa: Kusvika kuPN40 (4.0 MPa); kusimba kwakanyanya kwe vacuum/negative pressure.
Michina: Inochinjika, yakasimba, inodzivirira kukambaira; inogona kubatanidzwa nechubhu nekupisa (hapana kucheka); sarudzo inoonekera/inopenya inowanikwa.
Kutevedzera mitemo: FDA, 3‑A, EHEDG, ASME BPE (mitemo yehutsanana/yekuchena kwakanyanya).
Zvipingamupinyi: Mutengo wakakwira (3–5× PTFE); zvimwe chete nemakemikari akasiyana nePTFE.
Maindasitiri: Semiconductor (mvura yakachena zvakanyanya/makemikari), biotech/mishonga (yakacheneswa/CIP/SIP), chikafu/chinwiwa (kuchenesa mvura panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya), solar, uye maitiro emakemikari epamusoro.