Maflowmeters Emagetsi Akavhurika: "Vatariri Vekuyera" Vasina Kurumbidzwa Vemvura Dzisina Kumanikidzwa

Munyika yekuyera kuyerera kwemvura, uko masisitimu emapaipi akavharwa (senge mitsetse yemvura kana mapaipi emaindasitiri) anowanzo tariswa, maflowmeters emugero wakavhurika anobuda chinyararire se "vatariri" vanokosha vemvura dzisina kumanikidzwa. Kusiyana nemapaipi akavharwa anovimba nekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa kana kufamba kwemuchina, zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise matambudziko akasiyana emachannels akavhurika - nzira dzisina kuvharwa dzakadai senzizi, migero yekudonhedza mvura, nzira dzemvura yakasviba, uye nzira dzekudiridza - uko mvura inoyerera zvakasununguka pasi pesimba regiravhiti. Panzvimbo pekuve chishandiso chakakosha, maflowmeters emugero wakavhurika anoita basa rakakosha mukutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemaindasitiri, asi mipiro yavo inowanzo furatirwa. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura misimboti yavo yekushanda, magadzirirwo matsva, uye simba rechokwadi, zvichijekesa kuti nei vari musimboti wekuyera mvura isina kumanikidzwa.​

Dambudziko Guru: Kuyera Kuyerera Kusina Muganho​

Nzira dzakavhurika dzine zvipingamupinyi zvakasiyana zvekuyera izvo mamita epombi dzakavharika asingagoni kugadzirisa. Kusiyana nemapaipi, uko mvura inoyerera uye kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakafanana, nzira dzakavhurika dzine kudzika kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuyerera, kumhanya kusina kuenzana (kumhanya pakati, kunonoka pedyo nemipendero), uye dzinogona kukanganiswa nemarara, sediment, uye mamiriro ekunze. Nzira dzechinyakare dzekushandisa nemaoko—dzakadai sekushandisa mawaya kana maflume ane magauge ehudzamu hwemaoko—dzinoda basa rakawanda, dzinokanganisa vanhu, uye hadzigone kupa data renguva chaiyo. Maflowmeter enzira dzakavhurika anogadzirisa nzvimbo idzi dzekurwadziwa nekubatanidza kuyera kwehudzamu otomatiki nekuverenga kwekukurumidza, kupa kuverenga kwakarurama, kunoenderera mberi kunyangwe munzvimbo dzinoshanduka, dzisina kuganhurirwa.​

Mashandiro anoita maOpen-Channel Flowmeters: Musanganiswa weKunyatsojeka uye Kuchinjika​

Pakati pawo, ma "open-channel flowmeters" anoshanda nepfungwa huru: "flow rate" (Q) = "cross-sectional area" ye "channel" (A) × "average fluid velocity" (V). Kuti vaverenge izvi, mamodheru mazhinji anobatanidza mabasa maviri akakosha: kuyera kudzika uye "velocity sensing", nemagadzirirwo akagadzirirwa saizi dzakasiyana dze "channel" nemamiriro e "fluid".​

1. Kuyera Kudzika: Hwaro hweKuverenga Kwakarurama​

Kudzika ndicho chinhu chekutanga chakakosha, sezvo chinosarudza zvakananga nzvimbo yechikamu chechiteshi. Ma flowmeters emugero wakavhurika anoshandisa matekinoroji matatu akafanana kuyera kudzika:

• MaSensor eUltrasonic: Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa. Sensor iri pamusoro pechiteshi inoburitsa mafungu eUltrasonic achienda pamusoro pemvura; nguva inotora kuti mafungu adzoke inoshandurwa kuita kudzika. Dhizaini iyi isingabatanidzi vanhu inodzivirira kukuvara kubva mumarara kana madhaka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera nzira dzemvura yakasviba kana madhireni emvura.​

• Madhirakita eDzvinyiriro: Kune migero midiki kana kuti mvura ye污浊, madhirakita edhirakita anonyudzwa mumvura anoyera kudzika nekuona kumanikidzwa kwemvura iri pamusoro (kumanikidzwa kunowedzera nekudzika). Anogara kwenguva refu asi anoda kucheneswa nguva nenguva kudzivirira kuungana kwematope.​

• MaSensor eLaser: Anoshandiswa pazviitiko zvakanyatsonaka (semuenzaniso, murabhoritari kana mukutarisa nharaunda). MaLaser anoburitsa danda rakamanikana pamusoro pemvura, zvichipa kururama kwehupamhi hwe millimetric—kunyange zvazvo anonzwa mhute, mvura, kana nyonganyonga pamusoro.​

2. Kunzwa Kumhanya: Kubata Kufamba Kwemvura​

Kana kudzika kwazivikanwa, mita inoverenga avhareji yekumhanya kuti ione mwero wekuyerera kwemvura. Matekinoroji akajairika ekuona kumhanya anosanganisira:

• Doppler Ultrasonics: Sensor inonyudzwa mumvura inoburitsa mafungu e ultrasonic anosvetuka kubva pazvikamu zvinofamba (semuenzaniso, sediment, bubbles) mumvura. Kuchinja kwemafungu anoratidzwa (Doppler effect) kunoratidza kumhanya. Izvi zvinoshanda zvakanaka mumvura dzine turbulent, dzine zvidimbu zvakaita semvura yakasviba kana mvura yerwizi.​

• MaSensor eMagineti: Kune mvura yakachena, inofambisa mhepo (semuenzaniso, mvura yekudiridza), masensor emagetsi anoshandisa maerekitironi kuona voltage inogadzirwa nemvura inofamba nemumunda wemagineti (mutemo waFaraday we electromagnetic induction). Voltage yacho inoenderana nekumhanya, ichipa kururama kwakanyanya mukuyerera kwakasimba.​

• Mamita ePropeller/Current: Sarudzo yemuchina apo propeller inotenderera inonyudzwa mumvura; kumhanya kwepropeller kunoenderana nekumhanya. Izvi zvinodhura zvishoma pamigero mikuru, inofamba zvishoma nezvishoma (semuenzaniso, migero yekurima) asi inoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose kudzivirira kuvharika kwemarara.​

Magadzirirwo Akanaka Enzvimbo Dzakasiyana-siyana​

Ma flowmeters emagetsi anovhurika haakwane ese—magadzirirwo awo anoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemashandisirwo akasiyana:

• Mamodheru eClamp-On/Above-Channel: Kune nzizi huru kana nzira dzakaoma kusvika, masensa e ultrasonic anoiswa pamabhiriji, mapango, kana madziro enzira, zvichibvisa kudiwa kwezvikamu zvinonyudzwa mumvura. Izvi zvakanaka pakutarisa nharaunda yenzira dzemvura dzechisikigo.​

• Mapakeji Anonyudzwa Mumvura: Masensa madiki, asingapindi mvura, akanyudzwa zvizere mumigero midiki (semuenzaniso, mapaipi emvura yetsvina emaindasitiri akachinjwa kuita migero yakavhurika) kana madhireni emvura. Anodzivirira ngura uye anodzivirirwa kubva mukukuvadzwa.​

• Masisitimu Akabatanidzwa eWeir/Flume: Kuti zviyereswe nemazvo munzvimbo dzakadzorwa (semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura), mamita anobatanidzwa nemaweir (notches mu channel) kana maflume (zvikamu zvakamanikana zve channel) zvinoenzanisa mapatani ekuyerera. Meter inoshandisa data rehudzamu kubva ku weir/flume kuverenga mwero wekuyerera, zvichideredza zvikanganiso kubva pakumhanya kusina kuenzana.​

Mhedzisiro Yechokwadi: Uko Michina Yekuyerera Kwemvura Inonyanya Kukosha

1. Kutarisirwa kweMarara eMunicipal uye Kutarisirwa kweMadziva eDutu​

Maguta anovimba nema "open-channel flowmeters" kuti aongorore nzvimbo dzekuchenesa mvura yakasviba (WWTPs) uye masisitimu emvura yemvura. PaWWTPs, mamita anoteedzera kuyerera kwetsvina isina kucheneswa mumatangi ekuchenesa, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yacho ishande zvakanaka uye inochenesa mvura zvinoenderana nemitemo. Munguva yemadutu, vanoyera mvura inoyerera mumigero yemvura inoyerera, vachibatsira maguta kufanotaura mafashamo, kutarisira zvivakwa, uye kudzivirira kuzara mumvura yechisikigo—zvakakosha pakuderedza kusvibiswa kwemvura.​

2. Kudiridza Kurima: Kushandisa Mvura Zvinobudirira​

Mukurima, migero yakavhurika (migero) ndiyo nzira huru yekuparadzira mvura kuminda. Migero yemvura yakaiswa mumigero iyi inoyera kuti purazi rega rega kana munda unoshandisa mvura yakawanda sei, zvichiita kuti kugoverwa kwakaringana uye kukurudzira kuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai seCentral Valley yeCalifornia kana Murray-Darling Basin yeAustralia, mita dzinobatsira varimi kudzivirira kudiridza zvakawandisa, kuderedza marara uye kuderedza mari. Migero yemvura inobva kuDoppler inonyanya kubatsira pano, sezvo ichibata sediment uye kuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanzoitika mumigero yekudiridza.​

3. Kutarisa Zvakatipoteredza: Kuchengetedza Nzira dzeMvura dzechisikigo​

Masayendisiti nemasangano ezvakatipoteredza vanoshandisa mita dzemvura dzakavhurika kuti vaongorore mwero wekuyerera kwemvura munzizi, hova, nemadziva. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha kune:

• Kuongorora kuwanikwa kwemvura munzvimbo dzinogara hove (semuenzaniso, kuona kuti mvura inoyerera zvakakwana kuti itsigire nzvimbo dzinogara hove).

• Kutarisa kukanganiswa kwemadhamu kana kudhonzwa kwemvura (semuenzaniso, kutevera kuti dhamu remagetsi rinoshandisa mvura rinokanganisa sei kuyerera kwerwizi).

• Kupindura kuzviitiko zvekusvibiswa (semuenzaniso, kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwerwizi kuti uone kuti tsvina iri kupararira zvakadii).

4. Kudzora Maitiro Emaindasitiri​

Maindasitiri akaita semigodhi, kugadzira, uye kugadzira magetsi anoshandisa nzira dzakavhurika kuti abudise mvura yakasviba yakanatswa kana zvinhu zvinotonhodza. Michina inoyerera mvura inoita kuti mvura ibude inoenderana nemitemo yezvakatipoteredza (semuenzaniso, isingapfuure miganhu yekuyerera kwemvura yakatarwa nevakuru vemunharaunda) uye inobatsira mafekitori kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura. Semuenzaniso, fekitari yemagetsi inoshandisa marasha inogona kushandisa flowmeter kutarisa kuyerera kwemvura inotonhodza muchiteshi chakavhurika, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti fekitari inoshanda zvakanaka uku ichideredza marara emvura.​

Nei Michina Yakavhurika Isingatsiviwi​

Kunyange zvazvo mamita emapaipi akavharwa achinyanya kukosha mumasisitimu ane kumanikidzwa, mamita ekufambisa mvura akavhurika anozadza mukaha wakakosha wemvura isina kumanikidzwa. Kuchinjika kwavo kunzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzinochinja-chinja—kubva mumadhireni emvura azere nemarara kusvika kunzizi dziri kure—kunoita kuti dzisiyane. Dzinobvumirawo kuita sarudzo dzinotungamirirwa nedata: data rekuyerera kwemvura panguva chaiyo rinobatsira makambani emagetsi, varimi, nemasangano kupindura nekukurumidza kushanduko (semuenzaniso, madutu akangoerekana aitika, kutadza kwemidziyo) uye data renguva refu rinotsigira zvinangwa zvekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, kuderedza marara emvura, kuchengetedza nharaunda).

Mhedziso​

Michina yekuyera mvura yakavhurika inogona kunge iri "magamba asingazivikanwe" ekuyera mvura yakavhurika, asi simba rayo harionekwe zvachose. Sezvo nyika iri kutarisana nematambudziko ekushomeka kwemvura, kusvibiswa, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, zvishandiso izvi zvinoita basa guru mukutarisira chiwanikwa chedu chinokosha zvikuru - mvura. Ingave iri kuona kuti mvura yakasviba yabatwa zvakanaka, kubatsira varimi kushandisa mvura zvakanaka, kana kuchengetedza nharaunda dzezvisikwa, michina yekuyera mvura yakavhurika inoratidza kuti kuyerwa kunobudirira ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekutarisira zvine hungwaru. Munyika umo mvura isina kumanikidzwa inoumba maguta edu, mapurazi, uye nharaunda, "vatariri vekuyera" ava vakakosha kupfuura kare.