Kusarudza mita yekuyerera kwemvura yakavhurika yakakodzera kwakakosha pakuyera mvura nemazvo mukushandiswa kubva pakudiridza kwekurima uye kuyerera kwemvura mumakanzuru kusvika pakutarisira mvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri. Pakati pezvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa pane masisitimu emvura yemudenga neflume—ose anovimba nekugadzira mamiriro ekuyerera kwemvura anodzora kuverenga huwandu, asi dhizaini yawo, mashandiro awo, uye kukodzera kwawo zvinosiyana zvakanyanya. Kusarudza pakati pawo kunoda kunyatsofungisisa zvinhu zvakaita serudzi rwemvura, saizi yenzira, zvinodiwa pakugadzirisa, uye zvinodiwa pakururamisa. Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinhu zvakakosha kuti zvibatsire mainjiniya nevashandisi kuita sarudzo ine ruzivo.
1. Hunhu hwemvura: Kubata zvinhu zvakaoma, marara, uye zvinokanganisa
Hunhu hwemvura iri kupimwa ndicho chinhu chekutanga uye chinonyanya kukosha. Matanda emvura nemagetsi anopindura zvakasiyana kune zvinhu zvakasimba, marara, nezvinhu zvinoparadza, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kururama uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Maweirs zvivako zviri nyore: chipingamupinyi chakamira chine mukana wakachekwa (semuenzaniso, V-notch, rectangular, kana trapezoidal) chinomanikidza mvura kuti iyerere pamusoro pechipingamupinyi. Kunyange zvazvo zvichishanda pamvura yakachena kana ine madhaka mashoma (senge mvura inoyerera kana mvura yakasviba yakagadziriswa), zvinotambura nemvura ine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa, madhaka, kana marara. Zvinhu zvakaoma zvinowanzogara pamusoro pechipingamupinyi, zvichichinja chimiro chekuyerera kwemvura uye zvichikonzera kusayerwa zvakanaka. Munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzine zvidimbu zvinorema (semuenzaniso, mvura yakasviba yekugadzira chikafu ine zvinhu zvakasikwa), kuchenesa nguva nenguva kunodiwa kudzivirira kuvharika—kuwedzera mari yevashandi nenguva yekuzorora.
Kusiyana neizvi, maflume ane chimiro chakagadzirwa (semuenzaniso, Parshall, Palmer-Bowlus, kana Trapezoidal) anodzikamisa kuyerera kwemvura kuti pave nemusiyano unoyerwa wehuwandu hwemvura. Magadzirirwo awo anoderedza kuunganidzwa kwematope: kuyerera nekukurumidza kuburikidza nekudzikama kunodzivirira zvinhu zvakaoma kuti zvisagadzikane, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune mvura yakasviba senge mvura inoyerera kubva mukurima (ine zvidimbu zvevhu) kana kuchera tsvina (netsvina). Maflume anobatawo mvura inoparadza zviri nani, sezvo achigona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sefiberglass, PVC, kana kongiri—inodzivirira makemikari mumvura yakasviba yeindasitiri. Semuenzaniso, flume yeParshall yakaiswa mudura remvura remuguta inoyera kuyerera kwemvura kunyangwe panguva yekunaya kwemvura yakawanda, kana marara (mashizha, marara) akawanda, pasina kugadziriswa nguva nenguva.
2. Saizi yeChannel uye Rudzi rweKuyerera kweMwero
Maweirs nemaflumes zvakagadzirwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwechiteshi uye mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, saka kuenderana negadziriro yacho nematanho esystem yako kwakakosha.
Maweirs anoshanda zvakanaka mumigero midiki kusvika pakati nepakati ine mwero wemvura yakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati. Kurongeka kwawo kunoenderana nekuchengetedza kuyerera "kusingakoshi" (kuyerera kunononoka, kwakadzikama) kumusoro kwemvura, izvo zvinoda kureba kwakakwana kwemugero usati wasvika paweirs (kazhinji ka10-20 kudzika kwemvura kwakanyanya). Kune migero mikuru kwazvo (semuenzaniso, migero yakakura yekudiridza) kana mwero wemvura yakawanda, maweirs anova asingashande: anoda zvipingamupinyi zvakakura uye zvikamu zvakareba kumusoro kwemvura, zvichiwedzera mari yekuisa. Maweirs ane V-notch, semuenzaniso, akanaka pakuyera kuyerera kwakaderera (kusvika 0.1 litres pasekondi) mumigero midiki asi anokundikana kubata kukwira kwemvura mumasisitimu makuru.
Mafrume anoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana muhukuru hwemigero uye nzvimbo dzekuyerera. Mafrume eParshall, rudzi rwakajairika, anowanikwa muhukuru kubva pamasendimita maviri (emapaipi madiki) kusvika pamamita makumi mashanu (emigero mikuru), zvichiita kuti akwanise kuyerera kwakaderera uye kwakakwira. Dhizaini yavo diki inoda nzvimbo shoma yekukwira kwemvura (kazhinji ka5-10 kudzika kwemvura) kupfuura mawaya, zvichichengetedza nzvimbo munzvimbo dzakamanikana dzakadai sezvivakwa zvemaindasitiri kana masisitimu emvura yemumaguta. Semuenzaniso, frume diki yePalmer-Bowlus inopinda nyore nyore mupaipi ine dhayamita remasendimita matanhatu kuyera kuyerera kwemvura yakasviba, nepo frume hombe yeTrapezoidal inobata kudiridza kwakawanda mumigero yakakura yekurima. Mafrume anoshandawo zviri nani nekuyerera kusina kugadzikana (semuenzaniso, kukwira kwemvura kamwe kamwe), sezvo dhizaini yavo yekudzikama ichidzikamisa maitiro ekuyerera zvinobudirira kupfuura mawaya.
3. Zvinodiwa pakuisa nekugadzirisa
Kuoma kwekuisa uye kugadzirisa kwenguva refu zvinogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya mari yekushandisa, zvichiita kuti izvi zvive chinhu chakakosha pakuita sarudzo.
Maweirs ari nyore kuisa mumigero iripo: anogona kuvakwa nekongiri, simbi, kana purasitiki uye oiswa mabhaudhi kana kudururirwa panzvimbo. Zvisinei, kururama kwawo kunonyanya kuenderana nekurongeka kwakakodzera—kunyangwe kurereka kudiki kunogona kukanganisa kuyerera kwemvura pamusoro penotch, zvichikonzera zvikanganiso. Pamusoro pezvo, sezvataurwa, maweirs anoda kucheneswa nguva nenguva kuti abvise zvinhu zvakasimba zvakagadzikana, kunyanya kana mvura yakasviba ishandiswa. Munzvimbo dzine chando, maweirs anowanzo unganidzwa nechando panotch, izvo zvinokanganisa kuyerwa uye zvinogona kuda masisitimu ekubvisa icing.
Mafrume ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekuisa asi zvinodiwa zvishoma zvekuchengetedza. Kushanda kwawo kunoenderana nehukuru hwawo (semuenzaniso, kutsveyama, upamhi hwehuro) uye kurongeka kwakakodzera nemugero—kusaisa zvakanaka kunogona kukonzera kupatsanurwa kwemvura uye kusarongeka. Zvisinei, kana angoiswa nemazvo, mafrume anoda kutarisirwa kushoma: dhizaini yawo yekuzvichenesa inoderedza kuunganidzwa kwematope, uye haanyanyi kukuvadzwa nechando (kuyerera kwacho kwakamanikana kunokonzera nyonganyonga inodzivirira kuomeswa nechando). Kune nzvimbo dziri kure (semuenzaniso, migero yekudiridza yekumaruwa) uko kugadzirisa nguva nenguva kusingashande, mafrume kazhinji ndiwo sarudzo iri nani. Kunyange hazvo mari yekutanga yekuisa ingave yakakwira (kunyanya kumafrume akakura), kuchengetedza kwenguva refu kwevashandi nekugadzirisa kunowanzo gadzirisa izvi.
4. Kururama uye Kutevedzera Mutemo
Kune mafomu anoda kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza (semuenzaniso, miganhu yekuburitsa mvura yakasviba) kana manejimendi chaiwo ezviwanikwa (semuenzaniso, kugovera mvura mukurima), kururama hakuchinjiki.
Maweirs anopa kunyatsorongeka kwakanyanya (±2–5%) mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka: mvura yakachena, kuyerera kwakadzikama, uye mamiriro akakodzera ekukwira kwemvura. Zvisinei, kunyatsorongeka kwawo kunoderera nekukurumidza mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo - kuunganidzwa kwematope, kuyerera kusina kuenzana, kana marara zvinogona kuwedzera zvikanganiso kusvika ±10% kana kupfuura. Izvi zvinoita kuti asakodzere maindasitiri anodzorwa uko kunodiwa kunyatsoyera kwakasimba.
Maflume, kana akaiswa zvakanaka, anochengetedza kururama kwakanyanya (±1–3%) mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. Magadzirirwo awo anoderedza kusagadzikana kwekuyerera kwemvura, uye kudzvanywa kwawo kunovimbisa hukama hwakafanana pakati pehuwandu hwemvura nekuyerera kwemvura—kunyangwe paine shanduko diki mumamiriro ekumusoro. Kuvimbika uku kunoita kuti maflume ave sarudzo inosarudzwa yekutevedzera mitemo, senge kuzivisa kuburitswa kwemvura yakasviba mumaindasitiri kumasangano ezvakatipoteredza kana kutarisira kodzero dzemvura munzvimbo dzekurima.
Mhedziso
Kusarudza pakati pekuisa weir neflume zvinoenderana nekuenzanisa hunhu hwemvura, saizi yemugero, kugona kugadzirisa, uye zvinodiwa nemazvo. Maweirs anodhura zvishoma kune masisitimu madiki emvura akachena ane mvura inoyerera nguva dzose asi anotambura nemarara uye zvinhu zvakasimba zvakanyanya. Maflume, kunyange zvazvo achiwanzodhura kuisa, anobudirira muzvinwiwa zvakasviba, migero mikuru, uye mashandisirwo anoda kuvimbika kwenguva refu uye kutevedzera mitemo. Nekuongorora zvinhu izvi, vashandi vanogona kusarudza setup ye open channel flow meter inopa chiyero chakarurama, chinodhura zvinoenderana nezvavanoda chaizvo - kuve nechokwadi chekutarisira zviwanikwa zvakanaka uye kubudirira kwekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-28-2025