Zvinodiwa zveUnyanzvi zveElectromagnetic Flowmeters: Kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakarurama uye kuvimbika

1. Maitiro Ekuita Kuyera

1.1 Kururama uye Kudzokororwa

• Kururama Kwakajairika:EMFsinofanira kusvika ±0.5% kusvika ±1% yehuwandu hwemvura inoyerera yakayerwa munzvimbo dzese dzinoshandiswa, uye mamodheru epamusoro anopa kururama kwe ±0.2%. Izvi zvinofanirwa kusimbiswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa (semuenzaniso, ISO 9104 yekuyera kuyerera kwemvura).
• Kudzokororwa: Kusiyana kwekuyera kwakadzokororwa hakufanirwe kudarika ±0.1% yehuwandu hwekuyerera kwemvura kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sekuyera makemikari kana kubhadharisa mvura.

1.2 Rudzi rweKuyerera uye Chiyero cheKudzoka

• Kumhanya: Inokwanisa kuyera kumhanya kwekuyerera kubva pa 0.1 m/s (mashandisirwo ekuyerera kushoma senge masisitimu erabhoritari) kusvika pa 15 m/s (mapaipi eindasitiri ane kumhanya kwakanyanya).
• Chiyero cheKuchinja: Chiyero che20:1 (semuenzaniso, kuyera 0.5–10 m/s) ndicho chakajairika, uye mamodheru epamusoro anopa kusvika ku100:1 kumashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana.

1.3 Kufambiswa Kwemvura Mukati

• Kufambisa Kwemhepo Kushoma: Mvura inofanira kunge iine kuperekedza kwemhepo ≥5 μS/cm (yemvura-yakavakirwa mumvura) kuti iite simba remagetsi rinoyerwa (EMF). Kune mvura ine kuperekedza kwemhepo kushoma (semuenzaniso, mvura isina kusvibiswa), maerekitironi akasarudzika uye ma amplifiers anogona kudiwa (≥0.5 μS/cm).
• Kugadzikana kweKufambisa Kwemhepo: Kuchinja nekukurumidza kwekufambisa kwemhepo (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwemakemikari) kunogona kukonzera kuyerera kwekuyera, zvichiita kuti pave nemaalgorithms ekubhadhara akavakirwa mukati.

2. Zvinodiwa Nezvezvakatipoteredza uye Mashandiro

2.1 Kuyera Tembiricha neDzvinyiriro

• Kupisa Kwemvura:
  • Tembiricha: -20°C kusvika 120°C (semuenzaniso, yemvura nemvura yakasviba).
  • Kupisa kwakanyanya: Kusvika 200°C (nemachira akagadzirwa nehunyanzvi akadai sePTFE kana ceramic yekushanda mumaindasitiri).
• Kumanikidzwa kwepaipi:
  • Kudzvanywa kwakaderera: ≤1.6 MPa (inowanikwa mumasisitimu emakanzuru).
  • Kudzvanywa kwakanyanya: Kusvika 40 MPa (yekushandisa mafuta negasi kana hydraulic), zvinoda magadzirirwo akasimba eflange uye kuyedzwa kwekudzvanywa zvichienderana neASME B16.5.

2.2MaginetiKuenderana (EMC)

• Inofanira kutevedzera mitemo yeEMC (semuenzaniso, IEC 61326-1) kuti isakanganiswa nemota, matransformer, kana ma radio frequency (RF). Tambo dzakavharirwa uye dzimba dzakadzika pasi dzakakosha pakuderedza ruzha.

2.3 Kuramba Kuputika uye Kurapwa Nengura

• Dziviriro pakuputika: Munzvimbo dzine njodzi (semuenzaniso, zvirimwa zvemafuta),EMFs dzinofanira kusangana nezvitupa zvakaita seATEX, IECEx, kana NEC 500 zvemagadzirirwo akachengeteka (IS) kana asingatsvedzi.
• Kuramba Kuora: Zvikamu zvakanyorova (maelectrode nema liner) zvinofanira kutsungirira mvura inokasira:
  • MaLiner: PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) yekudzivirira makemikari, polyurethane yekubvisa ganda (semuenzaniso, slurry), kana ceramic yenzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya/dzinokwesha.
  • Maerekitirodhi: Zvinhu zvakaita sesimbi isingasvibi 316L, Hastelloy C, kana tantalum yemvura inokurumidza kusviba (semuenzaniso, mvura yegungwa, maasidhi).

3. Zvinodiwa pakuisa uye paipi

3.1 Kumhanya Kwakatwasuka Paipi

• Kumusoro: Mapaipi akaenzana ne5–10 dhayamita yepombi yakatwasuka pamberi pemita kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti kuyerera kwacho kwanyatsogadzirwa, zvichideredza kutenderera kwezvigunwe, mavharuvhu, kana matinji.
• Pasi: 2–5 dhayamita yepombi yakatwasuka mushure memita kudzivirira kusagadzikana kwekudzokera shure.

3.2 Kurongeka Kwekuisa

• Inogona kuiswa yakatwasuka, yakatwasuka, kana kuti yakatsveyama, asi kuiswa kwakatwasuka (nekukwira kwemvura) kunofarirwa kune mvura ine zvinhu zvakasimba kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura.
• Pakuyerera kwegasi-mvura ine zvikamu zviviri, kuiswa kwakatwasuka nemhepo inobuda zvakanaka kwakakosha kudzivirira kuungana kwemabubbles muchubhu yekuyera.

3.3 Kudzika Kwemagetsi

• Ringi yekumisa mvura kana electrode inofanira kuiswa kuti pasave nekusiyana pakati pemvura nemita, zvichiita kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti mvura yacho yakarurama.EMFkuyerwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha mumapaipi asingafambise mvura (semuenzaniso, PVC).

4. Kuburitswa kweSignali uye Kubatanidzwa kweDijitari

4.1 Zviratidzo zveAnalog neDigital

• Analog: 4–20 mA output (yakaparadzaniswa) ine ≤0.1% linearity error, yakakodzera masisitimu ekudzora ekare.
• Dhijitari: MODBUS RTU/TCP, HART, kana Profibus DP yekutumira data panguva chaiyo, zvichigonesa kubatanidzwa neSCADA systems kana mapuratifomu eIoT akavakirwa pamakore.

4.2 Kunyora uye Kuongorora Data

• Memory yakavakirwa mukati yekuchengetedza data rekuyerera, zviitiko zvekuvhundutsa, uye maparamita ekuongorora (semuenzaniso, electrode coating, liner wear). Mamodheru epamusoro anopa nyevero dzekuchengetedza dzinofanotaura kuburikidza nekubatana kwewaya (semuenzaniso, Bluetooth, 4G).

5. Kuenzanisa uye Chitupa

5.1 Maitiro ekugadzirisa

• Kuongororwa kwefekitori zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi (semuenzaniso, marabhoritari anotenderwa neISO 17025) uchishandisa mvura (inowanzova mvura). Kuongororwa kwemunda kungada kutakurikakuyereramichina yekusimbisa kana nzira dzekuenzanisa.
• Pakukumbira kuendeswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevana (semuenzaniso, kutengeserana nemvura), mamita anofanirwa kuongororwa nguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, gore rega rega) uye kutevedzera mitemo yemetrology (semuenzaniso, OIML R49, MID muEU).

5.2 Zvitupa zveIndasitiri

• Mvura yeMunicipal: NSF/ANSI 61 yezvinhu zvinobata mvura yekunwa.
• Chikafu Nezvinwiwa: 3-A Sanitary Standards kana EHEDG yemagadzirirwo ehutsanana (machira akapfava, maelectrode asina mitswe).
• Maindasitiri: Chitupa cheCSA, CE, kana UL chekuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka mumisika yakatarwa.

6. Kuvimbika uye Kugadzirisa

6.1 Kugadzikana Kwenguva Refu

• Kufamba kwemvura nekufamba kwenguva hakufanirwe kudarika ±0.2% yehuwandu hwakazara pagore, zvichitsigirwa nekubhadharwa kwekupisa uye mabasa e auto-zero kurwisa polarization ye electrode.
• MTBF (Nguva Yepakati Pakati Pekukundikana): ≥100,000 maawa ezvikamu zvemagetsi, nezvikamu zvinotsiviwa (semuenzaniso, mabhatiri ari mumatransmitter anoshandiswa nemabhatiri) akagadzirirwa basa remumunda riri nyore.

6.2 Dhizaini Inodzivirira Kusvibiswa

• Pamvura inonamira kana inoyerera (semuenzaniso, mvura yakasviba), zvinhu zvakaita sekutsvaira kwepulsed, electrode brushing, kana ultrasonic cleaning zvinoderedza kuunganidzwa kwemvura uye zvinochengetedza kuyera kwakakwana.

Mhedziso