Kushandiswa Kwakapararira Kwemagetsi Anoyerera Pasi Pose: Maonero Emumba Neepasi Pose

I. Mashandisirwo Emumba: Anoenderana Nezvinodiwa Neindasitiri Yedunhu​

1. Kutarisirwa kweMvura neMarara eMuguta

Munyika dzine vanhu vakawanda dzakadai seChina neIndia, kupa mvura mumadhorobha nekurapa mvura yakasviba zvinhu zvakakosha, uye EM flowmeters dzinoita basa guru mukuvandudza masisitimu aya. Semuenzaniso, muChina, chirongwa chehurumende che "Sponge City" - chine chinangwa chekuvandudza kugona kwemvura mumaguta - chinovimba zvakanyanya neEM flowmeters kuti dzitarise kupararira kwemvura mumapaipi, kutevera kuyerera kwetsvina mumapurazi ekurapa, uye kuyera kushanda zvakanaka kwekuunganidza mvura yemvura. Kusiyana nemechanical flowmeters, EM devices dzinogona kubata turbidity yakawanda uye sediment content inowanikwa mumvura yakasviba yemaguta muChina, zvichiita kuti pave nedata rakarurama rekuona kudonha kwemvura uye kufanotaura kudiwa kwayo. Mumaguta akadai seShanghai neBeijing, EM flowmeters dzakabatanidzwa muma network emvura akangwara, zvichigonesa kutarisa kushandiswa kwemvura panguva chaiyo munzvimbo dzekugara, dzebhizinesi, uye dzemaindasitiri. Izvi hazvingoderedzi mvura isiri yemuhoro (NRW) - dambudziko renguva refu remakambani eChina - asiwo zvinotsigira sarudzo dzinotungamirirwa nedata dzekugovera zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakaenzana.​

MuUnited States, mashandisirwo emakanzuru eEM flowmeters anotarisa pakutevedzera mitemo yakasimba yezvakatipoteredza, yakadai seClean Water Act. Maguta akadai seNew York neLos Angeles anoshandisa EM flowmeters mumafekitori ekurapa mvura yakasviba kuyera kuyerera kwetsvina isina kugadziriswa munzvimbo dzekurapa uye kuburitswa kwetsvina yakarapwa munzizi kana mumakungwa. Kugona kwemidziyo kuchengetedza kururama mukuyerera kwakasiyana-siyana (kubva pakudonha kwakaderera munguva yemwaka wekusanaya kusvika pakukwira kwakanyanya mushure memvura zhinji) kunoita kuti makambani emagetsi asvike pamiganhu yekubuda kwemvura uye kudzivirira faindi dzinodhura. Pamusoro pezvo, munzvimbo dzinowanzosangana nekusanaya kwemvura, dzakadai seCalifornia, EM flowmeters dzinoshandiswa kutarisa kushandiswa kwemvura yekudiridza yekurima, zvichibatsira zviremera zvehurumende kusimbisa mitemo yekuchengetedza mvura uku vachiona kuti varimi vanowana muripo wakarurama wekushandisa kwavo mvura.​

2. Kugadzira Maindasitiri​

Mumaindasitiri emuno, EM flowmeters dzakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo eindasitiri. MuGermany, mutungamiriri wepasi rose mukugadzira mota nemakemikari, EM flowmeters dzakakosha pakuita nemazvo. Zvivakwa zvemotokari zvinoshandisa iwo kuyera kuyerera kwezvinotonhodza, mafuta, uye pendi—mvura inowanzova nezvimedu zvakasungirirwa kana zvinowedzera zvinogona kuvhara mita dzemakanika. Kururama kwemidziyo yeEM kunovimbisa kunaka kwechigadzirwa kwakafanana, sezvo kunyangwe kusiyana kudiki mukuyerera kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro ezvikamu zvemotokari. Muzvivakwa zvemakemikari muGermany yese, EM flowmeters inobata mvura inoparadza (senge acids uye solvents) nekuda kwemachubhu avo emvura anodzivirira ngura (akafukidzwa nePTFE kana ceramic), kudzivirira kudonha kwemvura uye kuona kuchengetedzeka kwevashandi.​

MuJapan, nzvimbo huru yekugadzira zvemagetsi uye semiconductor, EM flowmeters inoshandiswa mumadziva emvura akachena zvakanyanya akakosha pakugadzira machipisi. Kugadzirwa kwe semiconductor kunoda mvura isina tsvina, uye EM flowmeters—nenzira dzayo dzakapfava, dzisingavharidzike—dzinodzivirira kusvibisa mvura uku dzichipa ruzivo rwakarurama rwekuyerera kwemvura. Izvi zvakakosha kune maitiro akadai sekuchenesa wafer, uko kunyange zvidimbu zvidiki zvinogona kuita kuti machipisi asashande zvakanaka. Vagadziri vekuJapan vanovimbawo neEM flowmeters mukugadzira chikafu nezvinwiwa, senge in sake breweries, kuyera kuyerera kwemupunga nemvura, kuve nechokwadi chekuti kunaka uye doro zvirimo zvinoenderana nemitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza chikafu.​

II. Mashandisirwo Enyika Dzese: Mhinduro Dzepasi Pose Dzematambudziko Epasi Rose​

1. Indasitiri yeOiri neGasi​

Chikamu chemafuta negasi pasi rose chinovimba nema EM flowmeters kuti agadzirise matambudziko akasiyana ekuyera ma hydrocarbon fluids, anowanzova akasviba, anoparadza, kana ane jecha nemarara. MuMiddle East—musha wemafuta makuru pasi rose— EM flowmeters anoshandiswa mumabasa ekukwira (kubvisa mafuta) kuyera kuyerera kwemafuta asina kucheneswa kubva mumatsime kuenda kumapaipi. Kusiyana nema turbine metres, ayo anogona kukuvara nejecha mumafuta asina kucheneswa, zvishandiso zveEM hazvina zvikamu zvinofamba, zvichiita kuti zvigare kwenguva refu mumamiriro ekunze akaoma egwenga. Mumabasa ekudzika, akadai senzvimbo dzekuchenesesa muSaudi Arabia neUnited Arab Emirates, EM flowmeters inoyera kuyerera kwezvinhu zvakacheneswa (senge peturu nedhiziri) panguva yekusanganisa nekugovera, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti zvinowedzerwa zvakarongeka uye zvinoenderana nemitemo yepasi rose yemhando yemafuta.​

Munzvimbo dzemafuta dziri kunze kwenyika, dzakadai sedziri muNorth Sea (dzinofambiswa nemakambani anobva kuUK, Norway, neNetherlands), EM flowmeters dzinoiswa mumapaipi epasi pegungwa kuti dziyere kuyerera kwemafuta negasi. Midziyo iyi yakagadzirirwa kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya (kusvika ku10,000 psi) uye tembiricha yakaderera, uye dhizaini yavo yekusabatana inobvisa njodzi yekukundikana kwemakanika munzvimbo dziri kure, dzakaoma kuchengetedza. Ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo kubva kumaEM flowmeters runobatsira vanoshanda kugadzirisa mwero wekugadzira uye kuona kudonha kwemvura nekukurumidza, zvichideredza kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurasikirwa nemari—zvakakosha munzvimbo dzine zvakatipoteredza dzakadai seNorth Sea.​

2. Kutarisa Zvakatipoteredza uye Kugara Zvichienderera Mberi​

Pasi rose, EM flowmeters zvishandiso zvakakosha mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, nekushandiswa kunosanganisira mapurojekiti emumiganhu. European Union's Water Framework Directive (WFD), iyo ine chinangwa chekudzorera nekuchengetedza mamiriro akanaka ezvakatipoteredza emvura yese muEurope, inovimba neEM flowmeters kuti iongorore kuburitswa kwemvura murwizi, kuzara kwemvura pasi pevhu, uye kuyerera kwetsvina kubva munzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kuenda mumvura. Semuenzaniso, muDanube River Basin—inogovaniswa nenyika gumi nepfumbamwe—EM flowmeters inoiswa panzvimbo dzekutarisa miganhu kuti iongorore kuyerera kwemvura uye kuona kuburitswa kwayo zvisiri pamutemo, zvichiita kuti kubatana kwenyika dzakasiyana kuderedza kusvibiswa. Kugona kwemidziyo iyi kuyera mvura yakachena neyakasviba kunoita kuti data rive rakavimbika, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine mabasa akawanda emaindasitiri.​

Munyika dziri kusimukira muAfrica neSoutheast Asia, maEM flowmeters ari kutsigira mapurojekiti erubatsiro rwepasi rose akatarisana nekuwanikwa kwemvura yakachena. Masangano akaita seUnited Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) anoshandisa maEM flowmeters mumaruwa ekugovera mvura kuyera kuyerera kwemvura kubva mumaboreholes kuenda kumapombi emunharaunda, vachiona kuti zviwanikwa zvinogoverwa zvakaenzana uye kuti masisitimu ari kushanda zvakanaka. Munzvimbo dzakadai seRift Valley yeKenya, uko kushomeka kwemvura kwakapararira, maEM flowmeters anobatsira kutevera mashandisirwo emvura, zvichibvumira mapoka erubatsiro kugadzira zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, muMekong River Basin yeSoutheast Asia, maEM flowmeters anoshandiswa kutarisa kukanganiswa kwemadhamu emagetsi emvura pakuyerera kwenzizi, achipa data kumasangano epasi rose anodzora kuvakwa kwemadhamu kuchengetedza huwandu hwehove nenharaunda dzinovimba nerwizi kuti dzirarame.​

III. Kuenzanisa Mashandisirwo Emuno Neekunze: Kubatana Uye Kusiyana​

Kunyange hazvo mashandiro makuru ema EM flowmeters achiramba akafanana pasi rose, mashandisirwo awo anoratidza zvinokosheswa munharaunda uye zvinodiwa neindasitiri. Munyika dzakabudirira (semuenzaniso, US, Europe, Japan), mashandisirwo anowanzo simbisa kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba (yezvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzeka, mhando) uye kubatanidzwa nemasisitimu akangwara, anongoerekana agadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, vagadziri vekuEurope vanokoshesa ma EM flowmeters ane mapuroteni ekutaurirana edhijitari (senge Profinet kana WirelessHART) kuti abatanidzwe kumafekitori anogoneswa neIndustry 4.0, ukuwo ma utilities ekuUS achitarisa pamidziyo inotsigira ma algorithms ekuona leak epamberi.​

Kusiyana neizvi, munyika dziri kusimukira (semuenzaniso, India, Kenya, Vietnam), mashandisirwo anonyanya kutarisa pakushanda zvakanaka uye kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa. Michina yekufambisa mvura yeEM inoshandiswa kuderedza marara emvura, kuona kuti kugoverwa kwakaenzana, uye kutsigira mapurojekiti ezvivakwa anodhura zvishoma—kazhinji nemamodheru ari nyore, asingadhuri anokoshesa kugara kwenguva refu kupfuura maficha edhijitari epamusoro. Zvisinei, kune kuwirirana kuri kukura sezvo nyika dziri kusimukira dzichishandisa matekinoroji akangwara: semuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa kweChina kwe EM flowmeters mumaguta akangwara kunoratidza kuedza kwakafanana muEurope, nepo India ichangobva kusundira "Digital India" kwakaita kuti kuwedzerwa kwe EM flowmeters ine kugona kwekutarisa kure mumasisitimu emvura emaguta.​

Imwe musiyano mukuru uri mukutarisa kuindasitiri: munzvimbo dzine mafuta akawanda seMiddle East, EM flowmeters dzakanyanya kuwanda muchikamu chesimba, nepo munzvimbo dzekugadzira dzakadai seGermany neJapan, ndidzo dzinotonga mashandiro emaindasitiri. Muhupfumi hwekurima hwakaita seBrazil, EM flowmeters dzinonyanya kushandiswa mumasisitimu ekudiridza kuti mvura ishandiswe zvakanaka pazvirimwa zvakaita sesoya nekofi, zvichiratidza kuvimba kwenyika kurima pakukura kwehupfumi.​

Mhedziso​

Ma electromagnetic flowmeters akadarika miganhu yedunhu kuti ave mhinduro yepasi rose yekuyera mvura, zvichikonzerwa nekururama kwayo, kushanduka-shanduka, uye kuchinjika. Kubva kumaguta akangwara eChina nemafekitori emotokari eGermany kusvika kuminda yemafuta yeMiddle East uye masisitimu emvura ekumaruwa eAfrica, ma EM flowmeters ari kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana edunhu uku achibatsira kuzvinangwa zvepasi rose zvekuchengetedza, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kuenzana kwezviwanikwa. Sezvo maindasitiri pasi rese achiramba achishandisa matekinoroji akangwara nemitemo yakaoma yezvakatipoteredza, kudiwa kwema EM flowmeters kuchakura chete - zvichisimbisa basa rawo sedombo guru rekutarisira mvura yemazuva ano. Ingave munzvimbo dzemuno kana dzepasi rose, zvishandiso izvi zvinoratidza kuti hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi hwekuyera hakusi kungoenderana nekunyatsojeka, asi nezvekusimbisa nharaunda, maindasitiri, nenyika kuti dzishandise zviwanikwa nekuchenjera munyika iri kuchinja nekukurumidza.