Ndezvipi zvakanakira nekuipira kwenzira dzekutaurirana dzisina waya?

Nzira dzekutaurirana dzisina waya dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yakaita semamita emvura e ultrasonic, uye zvakanakira nezvakaipa zvadzo zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mukuchinjika, mutengo, kugadzikana, kushandiswa kwesimba, nezvimwewo. Zvinotevera ongororo yezvakanakira nezvakaipa zvenzira dzekutaurirana dzisina waya dzinozivikanwa:

I. LoRa (Redhiyo Yekureruka)

Zvakanakira:

• Nhanho refu yekutumira: Kusvika makiromita 1-3 munzvimbo dzemaguta uye makiromita 5-10 munzvimbo dziri pedyo neguta/dzakashama, zvakakodzera kushandiswa kwenzvimbo huru dzekubatanidza michina (senge masisitimu emvura ekumaruwa nemataipi emumaguta).
• Kushandiswa kwesimba shoma: Ichishandisa tekinoroji ye spread-spectrum, inoshandisa simba shoma zvikuru. Kana ichishanda nemabhatiri, hupenyu hwayo hwekushanda hunogona kusvika makore mashanu kusvika gumi, zvichideredza mari yekugadzirisa mabhatiri nguva nenguva.
• Kugona kwakasimba kwekudzivirira kukanganiswa: Kugona kwekudzivirira ruzha uye kupindirana kwenzira dzakawanda kunovandudzwa kuburikidza nekutaurirana kwekuparadzira ma spectrum, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera munzvimbo dzakaoma dzemaindasitiri.
• Rutsigiro rwe network yakakura: Gedhi rimwe chete rinogona kubatanidza zviuru zvemidziyo, iyo yakakodzera kuiswa pa network yakakura uye ine mitengo yakaderera ye network.

Zvakashata:

• Mwero wekutumira data wakaderera: Ndewekutaurirana kwe narrowband, ine mwero unowanzo bva pamakumi kusvika kumazana ekbps, izvo zvisina kukodzera kutumira data rakawanda panguva chaiyo (senge data rekutarisa data re high-frequency).
• Kuvimba nekushandiswa kwegedhi: Magedhi eLoRa akatsaurirwa anofanira kuiswa, zvichikonzera mari yakawanda yekutanga mumidziyo. Uyezve, kufukidzwa kwezviratidzo zvemagedhi kunokanganiswa zvikuru nenzvimbo (dzakadai sezvivakwa nezvipingamupinyi).

II. NB-IoT (Internet yezvinhu zveNarrowband)

Zvakanakira:

• Nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo yekuvhara: Ichishandisa nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa, ine simba guru rekuvhara (inogona kupinda mumadziro nemapaipi epasi pevhu), yakakodzera nzvimbo dzemaguta dzine vanhu vakawanda kana zvishandiso zvepasi pevhu (zvakaita semamita emvura akavigwa).
• Kushandiswa kwesimba shoma: Hupenyu hwebhatiri hunogona kusvika makore 3-8, zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa zvekushanda kwakasimba kwenguva refu.
• Rutsigiro rwekubatanidza kukuru: Nzvimbo imwe chete inogona kubatanidza zvishandiso zviuru zana, zvakakodzera kushandura mita yemvura yakakura yemaguta.
• Hapana chikonzero chekuvaka zvivakwa zvega: Shandisa network yemushandi zvakananga, uchichengetedza mari yekuisa gateway, uye unogona kubatanidzwa kune network nekukurumidza.

Zvakashata:

• Kuvimba nemasaini emushandisi: Nzvimbo dziri kure kana nzvimbo dzisingaonekwe nemasaini (dzakadai sedzimba dzepasi dzakadzika) dzinogona kusataurirana zvakanaka, zvichida kuiswa kwemuchina wekuwedzera masaini.
• Mari dzekufambisa dziripo: Zvinodiwa kubhadhara mari dzekufambisa data kune vanofambisa, uye mari yacho inogona kuunganidzwa panguva yekushandiswa kukuru kwenguva refu.
• Mwero wedata wakaganhurirwa: Iyi tekinoroji ine mwero wakaderera (kazhinji isingasviki 200 kbps), iyo isingakodzeri kutapurirana data rine mafrequency akawanda uye vhoriyamu yakakura.

III. Bluetooth

Zvakanakira:

• Kushandiswa kunochinjika: Hapana zvimwe zvinodiwa. Inogona kutaurirana zvakananga nemafoni nemidziyo inobatwa nemaoko iri kure (mamita 10-100), zvichiita kuti pave nekugadzirisa matambudziko panzvimbo uye kuverenga data (sekunge ma meter readers achiverenga data panzvimbo ne terminals dzinobatwa nemaoko).
• Kushandiswa kwesimba shoma: MuBluetooth Low Energy (BLE) mode, kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvisinganyanyi kukanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri remudziyo.
• Kushanda kwakasimba: Anenge ma terminal ese akangwara (mafoni, mapiritsi) anotsigira Bluetooth, pasina chikonzero chekushandisa michina yakatsaurirwa.

Zvakashata:

• Kureba kwenguva pfupi: Kutaurirana kuri kure chete ndiko kunobvumirwa, izvo zvisingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekuverenga mita kana kutarisa zviri kure.
• Kusachengetedzwa kwakaderera: Zviri nyore kukanganiswa kana kuteererwa, uye hazvina kukodzera kutumira ruzivo rwakakosha (sekushandisa mvura inoshandiswa nemushandisi).
• Basa rimwe chete: Rinogona chete kuita kuti kutaurirana pakati penzvimbo imwe chete kuenderane nenzvimbo imwe chete uye harigone kuumba network yakakura.

IV. GPRS/4G (Network Yenharembozha)

Zvakanakira:

• Mwero wekutumira data wakakwira: Mwero we4G unogona kusvika 100 Mbps, izvo zvinogona kutumira data rakawanda munguva chaiyo (sekunge kutarisa mafambiro emvura mumamita emvura emaindasitiri).
• Nzvimbo dzakafara dzekupa ruzivo: Zvichienderana ne network yevanhu vakuru, hapana nzvimbo dzisingaonekwe pakutaurirana (kunze kwenzvimbo dziri kure zvakanyanya).
• Kushanda kwakasimba panguva chaiyo: Kunonoka kwekutumira data kwakaderera, kwakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu ane zvinodiwa zvakanyanya panguva chaiyo (senge kutarisa kubuda kwemvura uye alarm yekuyerera kwemvura isina kujairika).

Zvakashata:

• Kushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda: Module iyi inoda simba risingaperi panguva yekushanda, zvichikonzera hupenyu hupfupi hwebhatiri (kazhinji gore 1-2). Inoda simba rekunze kana kutsiviwa bhatiri kakawanda, nemari yakawanda yekugadzirisa.
• Mutengo wakakwira: Mari yeSIM card package inofanira kubhadharwa, uye mutengo wekushandisa kwenguva refu wakakwira zvikuru kupfuura weLoRa/NB-IoT.
• Kugadzikana kwechiratidzo kunokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze: Chiratidzo chinogona kunge chisina kusimba munzvimbo dzakadai sedzimba dzepasi pevhu nemapaipi akavharwa, zvichikonzera kukanganiswa kwekutumira data.